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Okay, don't want to be a stick in the sand [2008-07-02]
We lived near the beach for many years and saw this one time too many. So, instead of being afraid of the ocean be more afraid of the sand. Please don't let your sons dig holes in the sand, at least not deep ones. We have seen children and teenagers have serious accidents or worse with this. The sand collapses into the holes and consequences can be fatal, so just heads up on that. It was also just on the news so I hope a lot of parents watched it. What seems like fun can turn quickly into a serious situation. It was just a known fact in our home..... no deep holes at the beach.
Sorry to be a downer....just want to make sure the boys AND parents enjoy themselves. Do have a good time though!!!
What do you mean that the sand can collapse? [2008-07-02]
I I don They definitely won Please explain what you mean, so I can make sure to avoid this.
Moon Sand [2008-05-06]
It looked like so much fun and so easy on TV that I bought some for my daughter's birthday last year. It's the messiest thing ever and it doesn't work the way it does on TV. She's only used it once or twice and outside at that, and I try to make her forget she has it. I should just throw it away.
coors, hammocks, white sand and the sea... [2008-04-29]
ohhhh yeah.
Get your head out of the sand! nm [2008-04-17]
x
milk chocolate. Snow or sand? [2008-03-28]
x
Sand! [2008-03-28]
x
Neither, action adventure! The moon or the sun? [2008-03-27]
x
the moon [2008-03-27]
x
no wonder why we were going off in grand style on pols and relig..full moon and lunar eclipse... [2008-02-19]
Path of the Moon through Earth's umbral and penumbral shadows during the Total Lunar Eclipse of February 20, 2008. (Eastern Standard Time)
Introduction
A total eclipse of the Moon occurs during the night of Wednesday, February 20/21, 2008. The entire event is visible from South America and most of North America (on Feb. 20) as well as Western Europe, Africa, and western Asia (on Feb. 21). During a total lunar eclipse, the Moon's disk can take on a dramatically colorful appearance from bright orange to blood red to dark brown and (rarely) very dark gray.
An eclipse of the Moon can only take place at Full Moon, and only if the Moon passes through some portion of Earth's shadow. The shadow is actually composed of two cone-shaped parts, one nested inside the other. The outer shadow or penumbra is a zone where Earth blocks some (but not all) of the Sun's rays. In contrast, the inner shadow or umbra is a region where Earth blocks all direct sunlight from reaching the Moon.
If only part of the Moon passes through the umbra, a partial eclipse is seen. However, if the entire Moon passes through the umbral shadow, then a total eclipse of the Moon occurs. For more information on how, what, why, where and when of lunar eclipses, see the special web page lunar eclipses for beginners.
Lunar Eclipse Diagrams
The following diagrams show the Moon's path through Earth's shadows (higher resolution versions of the above figure). The times of major stages of the eclipse are given for a number of time zones in North America. Please choose the diagram for your own time zone. Each diagram is a GIF file with a size of about 100k.
Eclipse Diagram for AST (Atlantic Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for EST (Eastern Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for CST (Central Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for MST (Mountain Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for PST (Pacific Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for AST (Alaska Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for HST (Hawaiian Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for GMT (Greenwich Mean Time)
Eclipse Diagram for GMT +1 (Greenwich Mean Time + 1 Hour)
Eclipse Diagram for GMT +2 (Greenwich Mean Time + 2 Hours)
Some people may be puzzled that the Moon's motion is from west to east (right to left) in these diagrams, instead of its daily east to west (left to right) motion in the sky. However, the Moon actually moves WEST to EAST (right to left in the Northern Hemisphere) with respect to the Earth's shadow and the stars.
Times and Phases of the Total Lunar Eclipse of February 20/21, 2008
From start to finish, February's lunar eclipse lasts about three hours and twenty-six minutes (not including the penumbral phases which are very difficult to see). The partial eclipse begins as the Moon's eastern edge slowly moves into the Earth's umbral shadow. During the partial phases, it takes just over an hour for the Moon's orbital motion to carry it entirely within the Earth's dark umbra. The color and brightness of the totally eclipsed Moon can vary considerably from one eclipse to another. Dark eclipses are caused by volcanic gas and dust which filters and blocks much of the Sun's light from reaching the Moon. But since no major volcanic eruptions have taken place recently, the Moon will probably take on a vivid red or orange color during the total phase. After the total phase ends, it is once again followed by a partial eclipse as the Moon gradually leaves the umbral shadow.
The total phase of a lunar eclipse is called totality. At this time, the Moon is completely immersed within the Earth target=new2> August 28, 2007) which lasted 90 minutes.
The major phases of the eclipse occur as follows (all times are GMT or Greenwich Mean Time). The partial eclipse commences with first umbral contact at 01:43 GMT. Totality begins at 03:01 GMT and lasts until 03:51 GMT. The partial phases end at 05:09 GMT. Eclipse times for time zones in the United States and Canada are shown in the following table.
Total Lunar Eclipse of February 20, 2008
North America
Other
Event
EST
CST
MST
PST
AST
GMT
GMT+1h
GMT+2h
Partial Eclipse Begins:
08:43 pm
07:43 pm
06:43 pm
05:43 pm
04:43 pm
01:43 am*
02:43 am*
03:43 am*
Total Eclipse Begins:
10:01 pm
09:01 pm
08:01 pm
07:01 pm
06:01 pm
03:01 am*
04:01 am*
05:01 am*
Mid-Eclipse:
10:26 pm
09:26 pm
08:26 pm
07:26 pm
06:26 pm
03:26 am*
04:26 am*
05:26 am*
Total Eclipse Ends:
10:51 pm
09:51 pm
08:51 pm
07:51 pm
06:51 pm
03:51 am*
04:51 am*
05:51 am*
Partial Eclipse Ends:
12:09 am*
11:09 pm
10:09 pm
09:09 pm
08:09 pm
05:09 am*
06:09 am*
07:09 am* * Event occurs on morning of February 21, 2008
Key to Time Zones
Zone
Description
EST
Eastern Standard Time (GMT - 5 hours)
CST
Central Standard Time (GMT - 6 hours)
MST
Mountain Standard Time (GMT - 7 hours)
PST
Pacific Standard Time (GMT - 8 hours)
AST
Alaska Standard Time (GMT - 9 hours)
GMT
Greenwich Mean Time
The table above provides times of the major eclipse phases for North American time zones and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Eclipse times for other time zones can be calculated by taking the difference between local time and Greenwich and adding it to the tabulated GMT times.
To determine the Moon target=new2>Javascript Lunar Eclipse Explorer. This web page allows you to calculate the viewing circumstances of all lunar eclipses visible from your city over a five-thosuand year period.
Visibility of the Total Lunar Eclipse of February 20, 2008
February's lunar eclipse is well-placed for North and South America as well as Europe and Africa. Observers along North America's west coast miss the early stages of the partial eclipse because it begins before moon rise. Alaskans in Anchorage and Fairbanks experience moonrise during totality but bright evening twilight will make it difficult for sourdoughs to view the event. Western Europe and northwest Africa also see the entire eclipse. Further to the east (east Africa and central Asia), the Moon sets before the eclipse ends. None of the eclipse is visible from eastern Asia or Australia.
Preceeding and following the eclipse are hour-long penumbral phases but these are faint and quite difficult to see. The more interesting and photogenic partial and total phases always take center stage to the penumbral phases.
Map showing the global visibility of the Total Lunar Eclipse of February 21, 2008. (Click here to see larger version of this map)
Key to Eclipse Visibility Map
P1
Penumbral eclipse begins (not visible to the eye)
U1
Partial eclipse begins
U2
Total eclipse begins
U3
Total eclipse ends
U4
Partial eclipse ends
P4
Penumbral eclipse ends (not visible to the eye)
The map above shows the geographic regions of visibility for each phase of the eclipse. The entire eclipse is visible from start to finish in the white (unshaded) portion of the map, while none of the eclipse can be seen from the dark gray areas.
For anyone located in the blue shaded region labeled Eclipse at Moonset, this means that the Moon will set while some phase of the eclipse is already in progress. The contact curves labeled P1, U1, U2, U3, U4, and P4 represent each phase of the eclipse (see the key above). If you are east (right) of a particular curve, that phase occurs after moonset and you will not see it. However, if you are west (left) of a curve, that phase occurs before moonset and you will see it (weather permitting).
For example, on the above map Turkey lies west (left) of the U3 curve (total eclipse end) and east (right) of the curve U4 (partial eclipse ends). This means that from this region, the Moon sets during the partial phases following totality.
For observers located within the second blue shaded region labeled Eclipse at Moonrise, the situation is reversed. Here the Moon rises while some phase of the eclipse is already in progress. If you are west (left) of a particular curve (P1, U1, U2, U3, U4, or P4), that phase occurs before moonrise and you will not see it. However, if you are east (right) of a contact curve, that phase occurs after moonrise and you will see it (weather permitting).
All total eclipses start with a penumbral followed by a partial eclipse, and end with a partial followed by a penumbral eclipse (the total eclipse is sandwiched in the middle). Since the penumbral phases of the eclipse are so difficult to see, we will ignore them.
Wonderful Totality
At the instant of mid-totality (03:37 GMT), the Moon will lie in the zenith for observers in French Guiana. At this time, the umbral eclipse magnitude peaks at 1.1062.
From the diagram above, it is clear that the northern (top) edge of the Moon will dip much deeper into the Earth target=new2>Danjon Brightness Scale). Note that it may also be necessary to assign different Danjon values to different portions of the Moon at different times.
This could be an excellent opportunity for budding astronomers and students to test their observing skills. Try recording your estimates of the Moon target=new2>Danjon Scale. Compare your results with your companions and classmates and discover how the Moon target=new2>What Will 2004's Lunar Eclipses Look Like?). If you'd like to help Dr. Keen by making eclipse observations, you can contact him at Richard.Keen@Colorado.EDU.
The amount of dust and sulfur dioxide in Earth target=new2>Crater Timings During Lunar Eclipses.
An eclipse of the Moon also presents a tempting subject to photograph. Since the Moon appears quite small in the sky, you target=new2>lunar eclipse photography.
Unlike solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are completely safe to watch. Protective filters are not necessary and neither is a telescope. A lunar eclipse can be observed with nothing more than the naked eye. However, a pair of binoculars will magnify the view and make the red coloration brighter and easier to see. A standard pair of 7x35 or 7x50 binoculars is sufficient.
During the eclipse, the Moon will be in Leo. Saturn and bright star Regulus are only 3 degrees east and west, respectively, of the Moon. Geminii, Orion, Taurus and other winter constellations will occupy the south and western sky for North American eclipse watchers. viewers.
Although total eclipses of the Moon are of limited scientific value, they are remarkably beautiful events which do not require expensive equipment. They help to cultivate interest in science and astronomy in children and to provide a unique learning opportunity for families, students and teachers. To the nature lover and naturalist, the lunar eclipse can be appreciated and celebrated as an event which vividly illustrates our place among the planets in the solar system. The three dimensional reality of our universe comes alive in a graceful celestial ballet as the Moon swings through the Earth's shadow. Hope for clear skies, dress warmly and enjoy the show!
Eclipse Frequency and Future Eclipses
During the five millennium period from 2000 BC through AD 3000, there are 7,718 eclipses[1] of the Moon (including both partial and total eclipses). From 0 to 3 lunar eclipses (partial or total) occur each year. The last time three total lunar eclipses occurred in one calendar year was in 1982. On average, partial eclipses slightly outnumber total eclipses by 7 to 6[2].
[1] Only eclipses where the Moon passes through Earth's umbral shadow are included in these values. A minor type of eclipse is the penumbral eclipse which occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth's faint penumbral shadow. Penumbral eclipses are rarely discernible to the naked eye and are of lesser importance than umbral eclipses.
[2] Penumbral eclipses are excluded from these statistics.
The last total lunar eclipse visible from the entire continental United States occurred on August 28, 2007. North Americans will have their next opportunity to see a total lunar eclipse on 2010 Dec 21.
The table below lists every lunar eclipse from 2007 through 2012. Click on the eclipse Date to see a map and diagram of an eclipse. Although penumbral lunar eclipses are included in this list, they are usually quite difficult to observe because of their subtlety. The penumbra is a partial shadow which still permits some direct sunlight to reach the Moon.
The Umbral Eclipse Magnitude is the fraction on the Moon's diameter immersed in the umbra at maximum eclipse. For values of 1.0 or greater, the eclipse is total. For negative values, the eclipse is penumbral. The Total Duration is the duration of the total phase (total eclipses only).
Lunar Eclipses: 2007 - 2012
Date
Eclipse Type
Saros
Umbral Magnitude
Eclipse Duration
Geographic Region of Eclipse Visibility
2007 Mar 03
Total
123
1.238
03h42m01h14m
Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia
2007 Aug 28
Total
128
1.481
03h33m01h31m
e Asia, Aus., Pacific, Americas
2008 Feb 21
Total
133
1.111
03h26m00h51m
c Pacific, Americas, Europe, Africa
2008 Aug 16
Partial
138
0.813
03h09m
S. America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Aus.
2009 Feb 09
Penumbral
143
-0.083
-
e Europe, Asia, Aus., Pacific, w N.A.
2009 Jul 07
Penumbral
110
-0.909
-
Aus., Pacific, Americas
2009 Aug 06
Penumbral
148
-0.661
-
Americas, Europe, Africa, w Asia
2009 Dec 31
Partial
115
0.082
01h02m
Europe, Africa, Asia, Aus.
2010 Jun 26
Partial
120
0.542
02h44m
e Asia, Aus., Pacific, w Americas
2010 Dec 21
Total
125
1.262
03h29m01h13m
e Asia, Aus., Pacific, Americas, Europe
2011 Jun 15
Total
130
1.705
03h40m01h41m
S.America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Aus.
2011 Dec 10
Total
135
1.110
03h33m00h52m
Europe, e Africa, Asia, Aus., Pacific, N.A.
2012 Jun 04
Partial
140
0.376
02h08m
Asia, Aus., Pacific, Americas
2012 Nov 28
Penumbral
145
-0.184
-
Europe, e Africa, Asia, Aus., Pacific, N.A.
Geographic abreviations (used above): n = north, s = south, e = east, w = west, c = central
Web Resources
More on February target=new2>sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/OH/OH2008.html
Lunar Eclipses from 1991 to 2000: sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/LEcat/LEdecade1991.html
Lunar Eclipses from 2001 to 2010: sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/LEcat/LEdecade2001.html
Lunar Eclipses from 2011 to 2020: sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/LEcat/LEdecade2011.html
5,000 Year Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/LEcat/LEcatalog.html
Lunar Eclipses of Historical Interest: sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/LEhistory/LEhistory.html
Sky Telescope - Lunar Eclipse
How to Photograph a Lunar Eclipse
Lunar Eclipse Photography
IOTA Occultations - predictions of occultations of faint stars during the eclipse
More Lunar Eclipse Photography
References
Espenak, F., 1989, Fifty Year Canon of Lunar Eclipses: 1986-2035, Sky Publishing Corp., Cambridge, MA.
Espenak, F., 2006, Eclipses During 2007, Observer's Handbook - 2007, Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Toronto, Ontario.
Reproduction of Eclipse Data
All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by the following acknowledgment:
Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA
For more information, see: NASA Copyright Information
Is it a full moon? (nm) [2008-02-14]
nm
Sand artist...sm [2007-12-04]
It’s all about Love…
“Love 2008” for the New Year
See the link below
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kefTLicuxb4
Enjoy
Love, Grace and peace,
Ilana
Ilana Yahav
Sand Artist
www.sandfantasy.com
Oh! Head in the SAND! I thought you said head in the CAN! [2007-10-11]
x
do not buy your kids Moon Sand [2007-06-29]
AHHHHHHHHHHHHHRRRRRRRRGGGGGGGGGG
Till after this weekend - FULL MOON on the rise! [2007-06-27]
nm
I think she means [2008-07-03]
that with unstable dry sand, or even with sand of a wetter consistency, if a hole is too deep (over a child make whatever limit you feel safe with. There's nothing to fear if they keep it shallow.
This happened to a man I knew years ago with dirt, not sand, but I agree it would be possible in sand and probably easier done. He was working in a ditch deeper than he was tall, and when it collapsed on top of him, it killed him. I do believe that is what 'SM' is warning against.
Most beaches have bicycles [2008-07-03]
for the sand. They are seated like a go kart, sort of, and you lean back/recline, steer with your hands on levers at the side, and pedal out in front of you (like a pedal boat, for lack of a better comparison). I've always meant to rent one. It looks like major fun to me!
We're off to the beach and need some ideas! [2008-07-02]
I think I have most of my bases covered, but just wanted to see if anyone had any other ideas for the trip. We're off to Ocean City MD for the fireworks - woohoo!
I have 3 boys, ages 10, 7 and 5. We figure it We have a DVD player for the kids and they each have a portable video game to take. I think I have the drive down pretty well covered, but if you have anything to add, feel free.
At the beach -- we borrowed boogie boards from a friend for each of them to try. I We also got some sand toys for building castles. Any other suggestions here? I'm afraid 1 or 2 won't like the boogie board thing and get bored very easily with the sand toys.
We Anyone else know of anything at OC, MD that was really great for kids? Hubs and I have been there without the kids last summer, but really just enjoyed eating out and walking the boardwalk. I don We usually vacation at resort towns - like Disney and Dollywood - where there
Just looking for suggestions!
Okay, don't want to be a stick in the sand [2008-07-02]
We lived near the beach for many years and saw this one time too many. So, instead of being afraid of the ocean be more afraid of the sand. Please don't let your sons dig holes in the sand, at least not deep ones. We have seen children and teenagers have serious accidents or worse with this. The sand collapses into the holes and consequences can be fatal, so just heads up on that. It was also just on the news so I hope a lot of parents watched it. What seems like fun can turn quickly into a serious situation. It was just a known fact in our home..... no deep holes at the beach.
Sorry to be a downer....just want to make sure the boys AND parents enjoy themselves. Do have a good time though!!!
near the coast myself, used to love [2008-07-02]
taking the kids down there. You probably don't have jelly fish that far north, but take a small bottle of meat tenderizer in case of stings. Familiarize yourself and the kids with flags and what they mean. Undertow is a big deal, never try to swim straight back in, let the current carry you until you can get past it and then swim in. Then again, you can get far away from each other without even noticing, so look out for that. I can almost smell the beach just reading your note. I hope you have a wonderful time. Sunscreen, of course, bucket to rinse off sand from feet and legs before getting back in the car. Been too long since mine were that size.
What do you mean that the sand can collapse? [2008-07-02]
I I don They definitely won Please explain what you mean, so I can make sure to avoid this.
Gnat Issues [2008-06-10]
If there are from your potting soil in your house plants, try repotting all of your plants with new soil and adding a thin layer of beach sand/play sand to the top of the soil and only watering your plants every 3-4 days. If they are coming from your drains, try dumping some bleach and boiling water down the drains.
I hope this helps
Angie
have you checked how damp your houseplants are? Before you laugh..see msg. LOL [2008-06-09]
Where I work we had a problem with gnats. Somebody thought to Google gnats. Evidently if your houseplants are too wet, they live in the dirt. Or something like that...anyway..they went out and bought 100 pounds of sand and everybody with plants got some and put it over the top of the dirt in the plants. Worked like a charm. Hope this helps.
Very thankful for.. [2008-05-02]
the fact that I heard from my oldest son, after a long time of searching for him (long story), but oh so grateful he is okay. Also, became a grandmother again for the fifth time with a new grandson born a month ago to my youngest son, this makes his second son. I am over the moon whenever this happens. Love to all. Also, I love reading all of the wonderful things happening in each of your lives.
You can't wait until he is better....he will never [2008-04-18]
Your whole life is passing by and he has purposely isolated you from your family. He does not own you - you are not his possession. You have and have always had the right to come and go as you please and have your friends and family members come over any time but he has denied you that right. He is insecure and jealous of your sister. He wants you all to himself....he is treating you like a possession. He doesnno your sister can I feel so sad for you that you have let all these years pass letting him tell you what to do. It will be hard and there will be arguments but you have got to stand up for yourself before your life just slips through your fingers like sand. You sister should have been welcome each time she wanted to come. It sounds like he is afraid you might care about someone other than him. Please let your sister come and see you...tell him if not, you are going to see her and you are staying for two weeks! or three! Your life is passing you by and he is keeping you from living it.
I posted below about being a "scrooge" [2008-03-22]
when it comes to getting ready for holidays, but my family and I had the most fun last night hiding eggs. This is something we haven The family across the street from us has a 3yr old that we just adore. His mom expecting another in July and you would think this one will be related to us cuz we are sooooo excited. Anyway, we talked to them yesterday and found out what their plans were for the evening. While they were gone we filled eggs with candy and coins and hid them all over the front yard. It was barely dark when they got home but with the street lights and the full moon you could see the eggs really well. Brady had a blast. At first our neighbors didn They would have figured it out eventually becuase of the change in the eggs. Brady just had to show us his new bank a couple of years ago so now everytime my DH sees him outside he gives him the change he has on him and Brady immediately puts it in his bank. Looks like we have started a new tradition that will go on for several years. Happy Easter to all!
I posted below about being a "scrooge" [2008-03-22]
when it comes to decorating for the holidays but one thing I definitely miss about Easter is hiding eggs. My kids are now in high school so we just don Last night we filled a bunch of egss with candy and coins and hid them in the front yard of the house across the street from us. They have a 3yr old boy who our family just adores. There is another one on the way in July! We can With the street lights and the full moon it was perfect. Our neighbors finally saw us watching from the windows so they figured out it was us, but we still had a blast watching Brady run here and there grabbing eggs. Happy Easter to All!
I plan on going there this coming weekend! [2008-02-26]
I LOVE Yankee candle! I have candles from there all over my house! I haven't had a chance to check out the newer scents yet, but my all time favorite summer scents are Storm Watch, Cottage Breeze, Sand and Sun, and Midnight Cove. I'm sure there are a lot more that I love, but I just can't remember all of the names right now! I have Chocolate Chip Cookie burning in my office right now and Macintosh Apple in my living room.
I'm glad some of you could see it...What a spectacular sight!..sm [2008-02-21]
Myfriends in WV and PA called and it was snowing like all get out....too bad they didn't get to see it.
Backon the South Shore of Long Island,NY mymom, friendsand my sisters and their kidsgot toview it.
Here in KY it was 18 degrees and clear last night....you could see all the constellations.Zeus (dog), Napster (cat)and I went out periodically through all the phases of the eclipse.Took out a fold-up chair, parked it in the front yardand we all howled at the moon.
It was quite splendid. Cat
went out last night at 10:00 and couldn't [2008-02-21]
even see the moon. It was snowing here. I was so disappointed. I never saw an eclipse before. Guess I'll have to wait until 2010 to see the next one.
If you who have kids or grandkids check out the lunar eclipse tonight.... [2008-02-20]
at least theyyou get to spend time with them and they may actually be interested. Or you can just have a special moment with your spouse thinking about the first lunar eclipse you saw together.Have fun! Cat
Path of the Moon through Earth's umbral and penumbral shadows during the Total Lunar Eclipse of February 20, 2008. (Eastern Standard Time)
Introduction
A total eclipse of the Moon occurs during the night of Wednesday, February 20/21, 2008. The entire event is visible from South America and most of North America (on Feb. 20) as well as Western Europe, Africa, and western Asia (on Feb. 21). During a total lunar eclipse, the Moon's disk can take on a dramatically colorful appearance from bright orange to blood red to dark brown and (rarely) very dark gray.
An eclipse of the Moon can only take place at Full Moon, and only if the Moon passes through some portion of Earth's shadow. The shadow is actually composed of two cone-shaped parts, one nested inside the other. The outer shadow or penumbra is a zone where Earth blocks some (but not all) of the Sun's rays. In contrast, the inner shadow or umbra is a region where Earth blocks all direct sunlight from reaching the Moon.
If only part of the Moon passes through the umbra, a partial eclipse is seen. However, if the entire Moon passes through the umbral shadow, then a total eclipse of the Moon occurs. For more information on how, what, why, where and when of lunar eclipses, see the special web page lunar eclipses for beginners.
Lunar Eclipse Diagrams
The following diagrams show the Moon's path through Earth's shadows (higher resolution versions of the above figure). The times of major stages of the eclipse are given for a number of time zones in North America. Please choose the diagram for your own time zone. Each diagram is a GIF file with a size of about 100k.
Eclipse Diagram for AST (Atlantic Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for EST (Eastern Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for CST (Central Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for MST (Mountain Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for PST (Pacific Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for AST (Alaska Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for HST (Hawaiian Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for GMT (Greenwich Mean Time)
Eclipse Diagram for GMT +1 (Greenwich Mean Time + 1 Hour)
Eclipse Diagram for GMT +2 (Greenwich Mean Time + 2 Hours)
Some people may be puzzled that the Moon's motion is from west to east (right to left) in these diagrams, instead of its daily east to west (left to right) motion in the sky. However, the Moon actually moves WEST to EAST (right to left in the Northern Hemisphere) with respect to the Earth's shadow and the stars.
Times and Phases of the Total Lunar Eclipse of February 20/21, 2008
From start to finish, February's lunar eclipse lasts about three hours and twenty-six minutes (not including the penumbral phases which are very difficult to see). The partial eclipse begins as the Moon's eastern edge slowly moves into the Earth's umbral shadow. During the partial phases, it takes just over an hour for the Moon's orbital motion to carry it entirely within the Earth's dark umbra. The color and brightness of the totally eclipsed Moon can vary considerably from one eclipse to another. Dark eclipses are caused by volcanic gas and dust which filters and blocks much of the Sun's light from reaching the Moon. But since no major volcanic eruptions have taken place recently, the Moon will probably take on a vivid red or orange color during the total phase. After the total phase ends, it is once again followed by a partial eclipse as the Moon gradually leaves the umbral shadow.
The total phase of a lunar eclipse is called totality. At this time, the Moon is completely immersed within the Earth target=new2> August 28, 2007) which lasted 90 minutes.
The major phases of the eclipse occur as follows (all times are GMT or Greenwich Mean Time). The partial eclipse commences with first umbral contact at 01:43 GMT. Totality begins at 03:01 GMT and lasts until 03:51 GMT. The partial phases end at 05:09 GMT. Eclipse times for time zones in the United States and Canada are shown in the following table.
Total Lunar Eclipse of February 20, 2008
North America
Other
Event
EST
CST
MST
PST
AST
GMT
GMT+1h
GMT+2h
Partial Eclipse Begins:
08:43 pm
07:43 pm
06:43 pm
05:43 pm
04:43 pm
01:43 am*
02:43 am*
03:43 am*
Total Eclipse Begins:
10:01 pm
09:01 pm
08:01 pm
07:01 pm
06:01 pm
03:01 am*
04:01 am*
05:01 am*
Mid-Eclipse:
10:26 pm
09:26 pm
08:26 pm
07:26 pm
06:26 pm
03:26 am*
04:26 am*
05:26 am*
Total Eclipse Ends:
10:51 pm
09:51 pm
08:51 pm
07:51 pm
06:51 pm
03:51 am*
04:51 am*
05:51 am*
Partial Eclipse Ends:
12:09 am*
11:09 pm
10:09 pm
09:09 pm
08:09 pm
05:09 am*
06:09 am*
07:09 am* * Event occurs on morning of February 21, 2008
Key to Time Zones
Zone
Description
EST
Eastern Standard Time (GMT - 5 hours)
CST
Central Standard Time (GMT - 6 hours)
MST
Mountain Standard Time (GMT - 7 hours)
PST
Pacific Standard Time (GMT - 8 hours)
AST
Alaska Standard Time (GMT - 9 hours)
GMT
Greenwich Mean Time
The table above provides times of the major eclipse phases for North American time zones and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Eclipse times for other time zones can be calculated by taking the difference between local time and Greenwich and adding it to the tabulated GMT times.
To determine the Moon target=new2>Javascript Lunar Eclipse Explorer. This web page allows you to calculate the viewing circumstances of all lunar eclipses visible from your city over a five-thosuand year period.
Visibility of the Total Lunar Eclipse of February 20, 2008
February's lunar eclipse is well-placed for North and South America as well as Europe and Africa. Observers along North America's west coast miss the early stages of the partial eclipse because it begins before moon rise. Alaskans in Anchorage and Fairbanks experience moonrise during totality but bright evening twilight will make it difficult for sourdoughs to view the event. Western Europe and northwest Africa also see the entire eclipse. Further to the east (east Africa and central Asia), the Moon sets before the eclipse ends. None of the eclipse is visible from eastern Asia or Australia.
Preceeding and following the eclipse are hour-long penumbral phases but these are faint and quite difficult to see. The more interesting and photogenic partial and total phases always take center stage to the penumbral phases.
Map showing the global visibility of the Total Lunar Eclipse of February 21, 2008. (Click here to see larger version of this map)
Key to Eclipse Visibility Map
P1
Penumbral eclipse begins (not visible to the eye)
U1
Partial eclipse begins
U2
Total eclipse begins
U3
Total eclipse ends
U4
Partial eclipse ends
P4
Penumbral eclipse ends (not visible to the eye)
The map above shows the geographic regions of visibility for each phase of the eclipse. The entire eclipse is visible from start to finish in the white (unshaded) portion of the map, while none of the eclipse can be seen from the dark gray areas.
For anyone located in the blue shaded region labeled Eclipse at Moonset, this means that the Moon will set while some phase of the eclipse is already in progress. The contact curves labeled P1, U1, U2, U3, U4, and P4 represent each phase of the eclipse (see the key above). If you are east (right) of a particular curve, that phase occurs after moonset and you will not see it. However, if you are west (left) of a curve, that phase occurs before moonset and you will see it (weather permitting).
For example, on the above map Turkey lies west (left) of the U3 curve (total eclipse end) and east (right) of the curve U4 (partial eclipse ends). This means that from this region, the Moon sets during the partial phases following totality.
For observers located within the second blue shaded region labeled Eclipse at Moonrise, the situation is reversed. Here the Moon rises while some phase of the eclipse is already in progress. If you are west (left) of a particular curve (P1, U1, U2, U3, U4, or P4), that phase occurs before moonrise and you will not see it. However, if you are east (right) of a contact curve, that phase occurs after moonrise and you will see it (weather permitting).
All total eclipses start with a penumbral followed by a partial eclipse, and end with a partial followed by a penumbral eclipse (the total eclipse is sandwiched in the middle). Since the penumbral phases of the eclipse are so difficult to see, we will ignore them.
Wonderful Totality
At the instant of mid-totality (03:37 GMT), the Moon will lie in the zenith for observers in French Guiana. At this time, the umbral eclipse magnitude peaks at 1.1062.
From the diagram above, it is clear that the northern (top) edge of the Moon will dip much deeper into the Earth target=new2>Danjon Brightness Scale). Note that it may also be necessary to assign different Danjon values to different portions of the Moon at different times.
This could be an excellent opportunity for budding astronomers and students to test their observing skills. Try recording your estimates of the Moon target=new2>Danjon Scale. Compare your results with your companions and classmates and discover how the Moon target=new2>What Will 2004's Lunar Eclipses Look Like?). If you'd like to help Dr. Keen by making eclipse observations, you can contact him at Richard.Keen@Colorado.EDU.
The amount of dust and sulfur dioxide in Earth target=new2>Crater Timings During Lunar Eclipses.
An eclipse of the Moon also presents a tempting subject to photograph. Since the Moon appears quite small in the sky, you target=new2>lunar eclipse photography.
Unlike solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are completely safe to watch. Protective filters are not necessary and neither is a telescope. A lunar eclipse can be observed with nothing more than the naked eye. However, a pair of binoculars will magnify the view and make the red coloration brighter and easier to see. A standard pair of 7x35 or 7x50 binoculars is sufficient.
During the eclipse, the Moon will be in Leo. Saturn and bright star Regulus are only 3 degrees east and west, respectively, of the Moon. Geminii, Orion, Taurus and other winter constellations will occupy the south and western sky for North American eclipse watchers. viewers.
Although total eclipses of the Moon are of limited scientific value, they are remarkably beautiful events which do not require expensive equipment. They help to cultivate interest in science and astronomy in children and to provide a unique learning opportunity for families, students and teachers. To the nature lover and naturalist, the lunar eclipse can be appreciated and celebrated as an event which vividly illustrates our place among the planets in the solar system. The three dimensional reality of our universe comes alive in a graceful celestial ballet as the Moon swings through the Earth's shadow. Hope for clear skies, dress warmly and enjoy the show!
Eclipse Frequency and Future Eclipses
During the five millennium period from 2000 BC through AD 3000, there are 7,718 eclipses[1] of the Moon (including both partial and total eclipses). From 0 to 3 lunar eclipses (partial or total) occur each year. The last time three total lunar eclipses occurred in one calendar year was in 1982. On average, partial eclipses slightly outnumber total eclipses by 7 to 6[2].
[1] Only eclipses where the Moon passes through Earth's umbral shadow are included in these values. A minor type of eclipse is the penumbral eclipse which occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth's faint penumbral shadow. Penumbral eclipses are rarely discernible to the naked eye and are of lesser importance than umbral eclipses.
[2] Penumbral eclipses are excluded from these statistics.
The last total lunar eclipse visible from the entire continental United States occurred on August 28, 2007. North Americans will have their next opportunity to see a total lunar eclipse on 2010 Dec 21.
The table below lists every lunar eclipse from 2007 through 2012. Click on the eclipse Date to see a map and diagram of an eclipse. Although penumbral lunar eclipses are included in this list, they are usually quite difficult to observe because of their subtlety. The penumbra is a partial shadow which still permits some direct sunlight to reach the Moon.
The Umbral Eclipse Magnitude is the fraction on the Moon's diameter immersed in the umbra at maximum eclipse. For values of 1.0 or greater, the eclipse is total. For negative values, the eclipse is penumbral. The Total Duration is the duration of the total phase (total eclipses only).
Lunar Eclipses: 2007 - 2012
Date
Eclipse Type
Saros
Umbral Magnitude
Eclipse Duration
Geographic Region of Eclipse Visibility
2007 Mar 03
Total
123
1.238
03h42m01h14m
Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia
2007 Aug 28
Total
128
1.481
03h33m01h31m
e Asia, Aus., Pacific, Americas
2008 Feb 21
Total
133
1.111
03h26m00h51m
c Pacific, Americas, Europe, Africa
2008 Aug 16
Partial
138
0.813
03h09m
S. America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Aus.
2009 Feb 09
Penumbral
143
-0.083
-
e Europe, Asia, Aus., Pacific, w N.A.
2009 Jul 07
Penumbral
110
-0.909
-
Aus., Pacific, Americas
2009 Aug 06
Penumbral
148
-0.661
-
Americas, Europe, Africa, w Asia
2009 Dec 31
Partial
115
0.082
01h02m
Europe, Africa, Asia, Aus.
2010 Jun 26
Partial
120
0.542
02h44m
e Asia, Aus., Pacific, w Americas
2010 Dec 21
Total
125
1.262
03h29m01h13m
e Asia, Aus., Pacific, Americas, Europe
2011 Jun 15
Total
130
1.705
03h40m01h41m
S.America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Aus.
2011 Dec 10
Total
135
1.110
03h33m00h52m
Europe, e Africa, Asia, Aus., Pacific, N.A.
2012 Jun 04
Partial
140
0.376
02h08m
Asia, Aus., Pacific, Americas
2012 Nov 28
Penumbral
145
-0.184
-
Europe, e Africa, Asia, Aus., Pacific, N.A.
Geographic abreviations (used above): n = north, s = south, e = east, w = west, c = central
Web Resources
More on February target=new2>sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/OH/OH2008.html
Lunar Eclipses from 1991 to 2000: sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/LEcat/LEdecade1991.html
Lunar Eclipses from 2001 to 2010: sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/LEcat/LEdecade2001.html
Lunar Eclipses from 2011 to 2020: sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/LEcat/LEdecade2011.html
5,000 Year Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/LEcat/LEcatalog.html
Lunar Eclipses of Historical Interest: sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/LEhistory/LEhistory.html
Sky Telescope - Lunar Eclipse
How to Photograph a Lunar Eclipse
Lunar Eclipse Photography
IOTA Occultations - predictions of occultations of faint stars during the eclipse
More Lunar Eclipse Photography
References
Espenak, F., 1989, Fifty Year Canon of Lunar Eclipses: 1986-2035, Sky Publishing Corp., Cambridge, MA.
Espenak, F., 2006, Eclipses During 2007, Observer's Handbook - 2007, Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Toronto, Ontario.
Reproduction of Eclipse Data
All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by the following acknowledgment:
Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA
For more information, see: NASA Copyright Information
Thanks for the reminder Cat! [2008-02-20]
It is a GORGEOUS crystal clear (but freezing!) night here in Maine and the moon is like a spotlight out there lighting up the whole yard! I hope the weather clears out for others as well. I have personally never seen an eclipse because I I actually took a nap today so I could be up for it!
no wonder why we were going off in grand style on pols and relig..full moon and lunar eclipse... [2008-02-19]
Path of the Moon through Earth's umbral and penumbral shadows during the Total Lunar Eclipse of February 20, 2008. (Eastern Standard Time)
Introduction
A total eclipse of the Moon occurs during the night of Wednesday, February 20/21, 2008. The entire event is visible from South America and most of North America (on Feb. 20) as well as Western Europe, Africa, and western Asia (on Feb. 21). During a total lunar eclipse, the Moon's disk can take on a dramatically colorful appearance from bright orange to blood red to dark brown and (rarely) very dark gray.
An eclipse of the Moon can only take place at Full Moon, and only if the Moon passes through some portion of Earth's shadow. The shadow is actually composed of two cone-shaped parts, one nested inside the other. The outer shadow or penumbra is a zone where Earth blocks some (but not all) of the Sun's rays. In contrast, the inner shadow or umbra is a region where Earth blocks all direct sunlight from reaching the Moon.
If only part of the Moon passes through the umbra, a partial eclipse is seen. However, if the entire Moon passes through the umbral shadow, then a total eclipse of the Moon occurs. For more information on how, what, why, where and when of lunar eclipses, see the special web page lunar eclipses for beginners.
Lunar Eclipse Diagrams
The following diagrams show the Moon's path through Earth's shadows (higher resolution versions of the above figure). The times of major stages of the eclipse are given for a number of time zones in North America. Please choose the diagram for your own time zone. Each diagram is a GIF file with a size of about 100k.
Eclipse Diagram for AST (Atlantic Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for EST (Eastern Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for CST (Central Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for MST (Mountain Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for PST (Pacific Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for AST (Alaska Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for HST (Hawaiian Standard Time)
Eclipse Diagram for GMT (Greenwich Mean Time)
Eclipse Diagram for GMT +1 (Greenwich Mean Time + 1 Hour)
Eclipse Diagram for GMT +2 (Greenwich Mean Time + 2 Hours)
Some people may be puzzled that the Moon's motion is from west to east (right to left) in these diagrams, instead of its daily east to west (left to right) motion in the sky. However, the Moon actually moves WEST to EAST (right to left in the Northern Hemisphere) with respect to the Earth's shadow and the stars.
Times and Phases of the Total Lunar Eclipse of February 20/21, 2008
From start to finish, February's lunar eclipse lasts about three hours and twenty-six minutes (not including the penumbral phases which are very difficult to see). The partial eclipse begins as the Moon's eastern edge slowly moves into the Earth's umbral shadow. During the partial phases, it takes just over an hour for the Moon's orbital motion to carry it entirely within the Earth's dark umbra. The color and brightness of the totally eclipsed Moon can vary considerably from one eclipse to another. Dark eclipses are caused by volcanic gas and dust which filters and blocks much of the Sun's light from reaching the Moon. But since no major volcanic eruptions have taken place recently, the Moon will probably take on a vivid red or orange color during the total phase. After the total phase ends, it is once again followed by a partial eclipse as the Moon gradually leaves the umbral shadow.
The total phase of a lunar eclipse is called totality. At this time, the Moon is completely immersed within the Earth target=new2> August 28, 2007) which lasted 90 minutes.
The major phases of the eclipse occur as follows (all times are GMT or Greenwich Mean Time). The partial eclipse commences with first umbral contact at 01:43 GMT. Totality begins at 03:01 GMT and lasts until 03:51 GMT. The partial phases end at 05:09 GMT. Eclipse times for time zones in the United States and Canada are shown in the following table.
Total Lunar Eclipse of February 20, 2008
North America
Other
Event
EST
CST
MST
PST
AST
GMT
GMT+1h
GMT+2h
Partial Eclipse Begins:
08:43 pm
07:43 pm
06:43 pm
05:43 pm
04:43 pm
01:43 am*
02:43 am*
03:43 am*
Total Eclipse Begins:
10:01 pm
09:01 pm
08:01 pm
07:01 pm
06:01 pm
03:01 am*
04:01 am*
05:01 am*
Mid-Eclipse:
10:26 pm
09:26 pm
08:26 pm
07:26 pm
06:26 pm
03:26 am*
04:26 am*
05:26 am*
Total Eclipse Ends:
10:51 pm
09:51 pm
08:51 pm
07:51 pm
06:51 pm
03:51 am*
04:51 am*
05:51 am*
Partial Eclipse Ends:
12:09 am*
11:09 pm
10:09 pm
09:09 pm
08:09 pm
05:09 am*
06:09 am*
07:09 am* * Event occurs on morning of February 21, 2008
Key to Time Zones
Zone
Description
EST
Eastern Standard Time (GMT - 5 hours)
CST
Central Standard Time (GMT - 6 hours)
MST
Mountain Standard Time (GMT - 7 hours)
PST
Pacific Standard Time (GMT - 8 hours)
AST
Alaska Standard Time (GMT - 9 hours)
GMT
Greenwich Mean Time
The table above provides times of the major eclipse phases for North American time zones and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Eclipse times for other time zones can be calculated by taking the difference between local time and Greenwich and adding it to the tabulated GMT times.
To determine the Moon target=new2>Javascript Lunar Eclipse Explorer. This web page allows you to calculate the viewing circumstances of all lunar eclipses visible from your city over a five-thosuand year period.
Visibility of the Total Lunar Eclipse of February 20, 2008
February's lunar eclipse is well-placed for North and South America as well as Europe and Africa. Observers along North America's west coast miss the early stages of the partial eclipse because it begins before moon rise. Alaskans in Anchorage and Fairbanks experience moonrise during totality but bright evening twilight will make it difficult for sourdoughs to view the event. Western Europe and northwest Africa also see the entire eclipse. Further to the east (east Africa and central Asia), the Moon sets before the eclipse ends. None of the eclipse is visible from eastern Asia or Australia.
Preceeding and following the eclipse are hour-long penumbral phases but these are faint and quite difficult to see. The more interesting and photogenic partial and total phases always take center stage to the penumbral phases.
Map showing the global visibility of the Total Lunar Eclipse of February 21, 2008. (Click here to see larger version of this map)
Key to Eclipse Visibility Map
P1
Penumbral eclipse begins (not visible to the eye)
U1
Partial eclipse begins
U2
Total eclipse begins
U3
Total eclipse ends
U4
Partial eclipse ends
P4
Penumbral eclipse ends (not visible to the eye)
The map above shows the geographic regions of visibility for each phase of the eclipse. The entire eclipse is visible from start to finish in the white (unshaded) portion of the map, while none of the eclipse can be seen from the dark gray areas.
For anyone located in the blue shaded region labeled Eclipse at Moonset, this means that the Moon will set while some phase of the eclipse is already in progress. The contact curves labeled P1, U1, U2, U3, U4, and P4 represent each phase of the eclipse (see the key above). If you are east (right) of a particular curve, that phase occurs after moonset and you will not see it. However, if you are west (left) of a curve, that phase occurs before moonset and you will see it (weather permitting).
For example, on the above map Turkey lies west (left) of the U3 curve (total eclipse end) and east (right) of the curve U4 (partial eclipse ends). This means that from this region, the Moon sets during the partial phases following totality.
For observers located within the second blue shaded region labeled Eclipse at Moonrise, the situation is reversed. Here the Moon rises while some phase of the eclipse is already in progress. If you are west (left) of a particular curve (P1, U1, U2, U3, U4, or P4), that phase occurs before moonrise and you will not see it. However, if you are east (right) of a contact curve, that phase occurs after moonrise and you will see it (weather permitting).
All total eclipses start with a penumbral followed by a partial eclipse, and end with a partial followed by a penumbral eclipse (the total eclipse is sandwiched in the middle). Since the penumbral phases of the eclipse are so difficult to see, we will ignore them.
Wonderful Totality
At the instant of mid-totality (03:37 GMT), the Moon will lie in the zenith for observers in French Guiana. At this time, the umbral eclipse magnitude peaks at 1.1062.
From the diagram above, it is clear that the northern (top) edge of the Moon will dip much deeper into the Earth target=new2>Danjon Brightness Scale). Note that it may also be necessary to assign different Danjon values to different portions of the Moon at different times.
This could be an excellent opportunity for budding astronomers and students to test their observing skills. Try recording your estimates of the Moon target=new2>Danjon Scale. Compare your results with your companions and classmates and discover how the Moon target=new2>What Will 2004's Lunar Eclipses Look Like?). If you'd like to help Dr. Keen by making eclipse observations, you can contact him at Richard.Keen@Colorado.EDU.
The amount of dust and sulfur dioxide in Earth target=new2>Crater Timings During Lunar Eclipses.
An eclipse of the Moon also presents a tempting subject to photograph. Since the Moon appears quite small in the sky, you target=new2>lunar eclipse photography.
Unlike solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are completely safe to watch. Protective filters are not necessary and neither is a telescope. A lunar eclipse can be observed with nothing more than the naked eye. However, a pair of binoculars will magnify the view and make the red coloration brighter and easier to see. A standard pair of 7x35 or 7x50 binoculars is sufficient.
During the eclipse, the Moon will be in Leo. Saturn and bright star Regulus are only 3 degrees east and west, respectively, of the Moon. Geminii, Orion, Taurus and other winter constellations will occupy the south and western sky for North American eclipse watchers. viewers.
Although total eclipses of the Moon are of limited scientific value, they are remarkably beautiful events which do not require expensive equipment. They help to cultivate interest in science and astronomy in children and to provide a unique learning opportunity for families, students and teachers. To the nature lover and naturalist, the lunar eclipse can be appreciated and celebrated as an event which vividly illustrates our place among the planets in the solar system. The three dimensional reality of our universe comes alive in a graceful celestial ballet as the Moon swings through the Earth's shadow. Hope for clear skies, dress warmly and enjoy the show!
Eclipse Frequency and Future Eclipses
During the five millennium period from 2000 BC through AD 3000, there are 7,718 eclipses[1] of the Moon (including both partial and total eclipses). From 0 to 3 lunar eclipses (partial or total) occur each year. The last time three total lunar eclipses occurred in one calendar year was in 1982. On average, partial eclipses slightly outnumber total eclipses by 7 to 6[2].
[1] Only eclipses where the Moon passes through Earth's umbral shadow are included in these values. A minor type of eclipse is the penumbral eclipse which occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth's faint penumbral shadow. Penumbral eclipses are rarely discernible to the naked eye and are of lesser importance than umbral eclipses.
[2] Penumbral eclipses are excluded from these statistics.
The last total lunar eclipse visible from the entire continental United States occurred on August 28, 2007. North Americans will have their next opportunity to see a total lunar eclipse on 2010 Dec 21.
The table below lists every lunar eclipse from 2007 through 2012. Click on the eclipse Date to see a map and diagram of an eclipse. Although penumbral lunar eclipses are included in this list, they are usually quite difficult to observe because of their subtlety. The penumbra is a partial shadow which still permits some direct sunlight to reach the Moon.
The Umbral Eclipse Magnitude is the fraction on the Moon's diameter immersed in the umbra at maximum eclipse. For values of 1.0 or greater, the eclipse is total. For negative values, the eclipse is penumbral. The Total Duration is the duration of the total phase (total eclipses only).
Lunar Eclipses: 2007 - 2012
Date
Eclipse Type
Saros
Umbral Magnitude
Eclipse Duration
Geographic Region of Eclipse Visibility
2007 Mar 03
Total
123
1.238
03h42m01h14m
Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia
2007 Aug 28
Total
128
1.481
03h33m01h31m
e Asia, Aus., Pacific, Americas
2008 Feb 21
Total
133
1.111
03h26m00h51m
c Pacific, Americas, Europe, Africa
2008 Aug 16
Partial
138
0.813
03h09m
S. America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Aus.
2009 Feb 09
Penumbral
143
-0.083
-
e Europe, Asia, Aus., Pacific, w N.A.
2009 Jul 07
Penumbral
110
-0.909
-
Aus., Pacific, Americas
2009 Aug 06
Penumbral
148
-0.661
-
Americas, Europe, Africa, w Asia
2009 Dec 31
Partial
115
0.082
01h02m
Europe, Africa, Asia, Aus.
2010 Jun 26
Partial
120
0.542
02h44m
e Asia, Aus., Pacific, w Americas
2010 Dec 21
Total
125
1.262
03h29m01h13m
e Asia, Aus., Pacific, Americas, Europe
2011 Jun 15
Total
130
1.705
03h40m01h41m
S.America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Aus.
2011 Dec 10
Total
135
1.110
03h33m00h52m
Europe, e Africa, Asia, Aus., Pacific, N.A.
2012 Jun 04
Partial
140
0.376
02h08m
Asia, Aus., Pacific, Americas
2012 Nov 28
Penumbral
145
-0.184
-
Europe, e Africa, Asia, Aus., Pacific, N.A.
Geographic abreviations (used above): n = north, s = south, e = east, w = west, c = central
Web Resources
More on February target=new2>sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/OH/OH2008.html
Lunar Eclipses from 1991 to 2000: sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/LEcat/LEdecade1991.html
Lunar Eclipses from 2001 to 2010: sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/LEcat/LEdecade2001.html
Lunar Eclipses from 2011 to 2020: sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/LEcat/LEdecade2011.html
5,000 Year Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/LEcat/LEcatalog.html
Lunar Eclipses of Historical Interest: sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/LEhistory/LEhistory.html
Sky Telescope - Lunar Eclipse
How to Photograph a Lunar Eclipse
Lunar Eclipse Photography
IOTA Occultations - predictions of occultations of faint stars during the eclipse
More Lunar Eclipse Photography
References
Espenak, F., 1989, Fifty Year Canon of Lunar Eclipses: 1986-2035, Sky Publishing Corp., Cambridge, MA.
Espenak, F., 2006, Eclipses During 2007, Observer's Handbook - 2007, Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Toronto, Ontario.
Reproduction of Eclipse Data
All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by the following acknowledgment:
Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA
For more information, see: NASA Copyright Information
My daughter has for some time said to let answering machine [2008-02-14]
get the phone calls- she knows a lot of telemarketers call so it is not my idea, but hers to begin with! I have for years and years tried to explain that IF she thinks by my tone of voice I am upset, to please ASK, that is all- I will tell her no, not much upsetting in my life. If most parents would be truthful, they would probably say they preferred 1 child over another- my son was the chosen 1 so to speak. I thought he hung the moon when he was younger. He changed a lot- to be so disrespectful when if not for me- even his own father told me after son grown if not for me- where would my son have been- that I was like the rock, he was the rolling stone, never sticking around. I would hate for that to happen- I think most parents would hate to see a child die but at the same time- what about if his mother dies and he does not try to make amends- the road goes both ways you know. I feel I have done no wrong in the relationship at all. I am at peace with myself. As far as the daughter goes- wish you could ask my housekeeper who has been with me for years about my daughter- you would get an earful- she is a very spoiled girl, a me type person and her mother is not first on her list of people to see- she does for her friends and I have always been on the backburner with her. Told my aunt yesterday I love her but I don’t like her a lot of the time. And no flame for this- other parents feel the same and I know they do about certain children. Always asked if she is only child- that should tell you a lot.
AAARRRGHHHH!! [2008-02-13]
I live in Maine, and honestly this is the WORST winter in many, many years! I'd like to find that groundhog that saw his shadow and give him a piece of my mind!! I can't wait to lounge on my beach with my feet in the sand!!!
Accounting for time doesn't cover the bases [2008-01-31]
Trust me on this one. I just found out last spring (May 07) that my husband had been cheating on me. We were gone to our lake cabin and when we arrived home I checked the caller ID (as I always do). I seen a name on there and casually said, who is this? thinking it was one of the kidAnyway, when would I have time to have an affair. I am never late to come home and I never go to work early, etc. So, I believed him. Mind you, I had caught him talking to a lady on the cell phone a year prior and he told me they were just work-related friends. He says he stopped that right after I found out.
Well, come to find out that evening (when we got home from our cabin) he did have an affair with this woman. He admitted it to me that night because he couldn't take the guilt any longer. He was screwing around with her over their noon hours and on the occasional nights he didn't come home right after work. He wasn't all the late though and he always fed me a line of something and I believed him so him coming home 15-20 minutes late once in a blue moon was no big deal to me.
Now, before you all jump down my throat on my stupidity for staying with him. I have invested 15 years of my life with this many and we are still together. Probably not such a great move but we are making it work. Our life is actually better than it has been in 15 years because we are way more open about things.
I have no advice for the sex line calls. I just wanted to expres the fact that accounting for their time doesn't mean jack!
Racist remark from tax person [2008-01-21]
This person has done our taxes for about 4 years now- she knows lots of added expenses we can take as husband drives a truck as doesher husband and they work for the same company. Going to get some pizza yesterday saw the tax lady and stopped to talk a minute. My husband is very shy, keeps to himself a lot and even his family has told me the same, just not forthcoming- I am exact opposite. When we fill out taxes I am always the one speaking up. We have a mixed marriage and yesterday the person asked me how much schooling he had?? I said I don’t know- believe it or not he never wants to be forthcoming about much about him, always saying things like lets talk about something else. Tax lady then asked me if he were slow as she had a sorta retarded grandchild that lived with her for awhile. This man is no where close to retarded or slow- he is a terrific chef, can build anything he wants, repairs all items around the home, self-taught guitarist, keeps abreast of all news- can discuss anything. She said some blacks not offered the same opportunities to go and finish school like whites. As we were talking her phone at the office rang and I told her I would see her later and left. What I want to know, how should I approach her with her terrible misunderstanding of a guy who hung the moon for me? I really hate to think because of his being naïve, shy, not in your face type of person that he is slow. Your comments.
Of course they will listen. Mental abuse is extremely prevalent [2007-12-31]
and the abuse counselor will tell you the cycle of violence, heretrying to help you, then, there is using finances, threats to take things away including children, controlling who you see, where you go, even what you think, then when you voice an opinion the violence. Starts out verbal. Will definitely lead to physical some day. He will also try the crazy making, If you know the moon is blue for example, he will say it is green cheese, and then make you feel like you are the crazy one. You will question your reality and the truth that the moon is blue. You will become confused.
Then, a gift will appear, some form of kindness from him. You will forgive him figuring you were wrong, maybe it was you, maybe he will change, or whatever. You give in to him. Then it starts all over again, the grumbling. It is like clockwork. This is a proven fact with abusers. These people never change. A minute percentage do seek counseling, but the control they desire is too rooted in their being and their identity. They feed off of this control. Once the person they control is gone for good, they will seek someone else out.
Mental violence is a crime. Stalking is not just physical for example, phone calls, constant badgering when you say no, or say stop treating me this way, this is violence. I could go on about it, but please call the hotline and forgive me for being wordy here. Make that call and all will fall into place.
An inexpensive gift idea - LOL! (sm) [2007-12-20]
Subject: FW: Christmas is tight this year.My dear friends,Somewhat embarrassing to admit, I'm not getting an annual bonus andChristmas is tight this year. I will be making bedroom slippers for youall as gifts. Please let me know your sizes. You'll most likely agreethat it's a splendid idea, and should you wish to do the same, I'veincluded the instructions below.How to make bedroom slippers out of maxi pads:You need four maxi pads to make a pair.Two of them get laid out flat, for the foot part.The other two wrap around the toe area to form the top.Tape or glue each side of the top pieces to the bottom of the foot part.Decorate the tops with whatever you desire, silk flowers (this is mostaesthetically appealing), etc.These slippers are:* Soft and Hygienic* Non-slip grip strips on the soles* Built in deodorant feature keeps feet smelling fresh* No more bending over to mop up spills* Disposable and biodegradable* Environmentally safe* Three convenient sizes: (1.) Regular, (2.) Light and (3.) Get out the SandBags.I've attached a photo of the first pair I made so that you can see thenifty slippers for yourself....Awaiting your response. It's crucial that I get the right size for eachone of you.
Agree most don't abstain and teaching that only - sm [2007-12-20]
as a lot of schools do is very narrow-minded and totally unrealistic. I remember in 7th grade health class our teacher teaching us about different forms of birth control. They had it all laid out (no pun intended) on a board with an example of each method so we could actually see a condom, diaphragm, pill, iud, etc. No idea what they do there now, this was back in 77/78--I hope they are not burying their head in the sand and saying, don, and leaving it at that. Kids need to know that if they do it how to prevent becoming fathers/mothers at age 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, etc. Lots of peer pressure and some just have sex because their friends were. My friends were at 14 and generally had unprotected sex, one got pregnant at 15 but miscarried; I waited until I was almost 18 and after I graduated (the boys had big mouths and I did not want a reputation as a sleaze, which is what would have happened where I went to school). When mine start having sex I will put them on BCPs and hope they use condoms too (I will also tell them about my 2 best friends with herpes); and I hope they wait until they are at least 17 and ready for it and the responsibility of being sexually active. Guess I will find out in a few years. --as for the beginning of time, yes, the past is riddled with sex, just look at all the famous paintings, and stories of lovers, etc in England and France in royalty, etc. Goes back quite a ways
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